JOHN DEWEY

                                                                

                                                                JOHN   DEWEY

John  Dewey was   born in Vermount  in New England. He was the son of a shopkeeper and was a rural environment.  In 1879 he finished his graduation and become a teacher. He took Ph.D  in philosophy from the university of Hopkins. Then he worked as a staff  of the university of Mechigan and Chicago. He used to experiment school. These schools made him world famous. All his theories  were tested in these schools. 

           PUBLICATIONS

     John Dewey  published a number of books on education, philosophy , psychology, ethics and political science. The school and society, The school and the child, School of tomorrow, Education today, Democracy and education, Moral principles of education etc.... are his famous works.

          JOHN DEWEY’S PHILOSOPHY

John Dewey was a pragmatist and an experimentalist. He was a practical thinker who did not consider philosophy as passive contemplation. His philosophy is based on the evolutionary concept of Charles Darwin and pragmatism of William James. The outstanding features  of his philosophy are the following.

1.     There is no predetermined truth.

2.     There is no fixed values.

3.     Knowledge is a means and never an end in itself.

4.     Experience is the only basis of reality and true knowledge.

5.     Knowledge and thinking are associated with action.

     AIMES OF EDUCATION

1.       To  develop child’s powers and abilities.

2.     To create social efficiency and social skills in the child

3.     To prepare the individual for future life

4.     To instill democratic values and ideals in children.

       CURRICULUM

There is no fixed curriculum in Dewey’s educational plan. The curriculum should grow out of pupil’s interest.

1.    Principle of utility: curriculum must include those subjects, activities and experiences which have some utility and serve useful purposes.

2.    Principle of flexibility: The curriculum should not be rigid, fixed.

3.    Principle of integration: The different subjects, activities, and experiences involved in the curriculum.

4.    Principle of experiential knowledge: The curriculum should be related to the child’s contemporary experiences.

        METHOD OF TEACHING

1.     Project method

2.     Problem solving method

3.     Experimental method

4.     Learning by doing

       ROLE OF THE TEACHER

1.     The teacher has to observe, plan and encourage pupil’s activities, environment and experience.

2.     A pragmatic teacher should  be a friend, a guide and a helper rather than a task- master.

3.     The teacher should have empathy  for the child.

4.     The teacher has to guide  the child not only in the habit of democratic  cooperation but also towards the highest intellectual pursuits and the fullest aesthetic experience.

DEWEY ‘S CONTRIBUTIONS TO EDUCATION

1.     He give a progressive outlook to education.

2.     Dewey established an organized relationship between individual and society.

3.     He put forward a philosophy of education which is dynamic, objective and practical.

4.     His view about the teacher as an observer , guide and helper.

5.     Dewey completely changed the whole structured of education set up and paved the way for modern progressive education.

6.     The project method is a direct contribution of dewy to education.

7.     The introduction of subject involving manual skill to modern curriculum was an impact of Dewey’s  ideas.

8.     Dewey set inculcation of democratic values and social qualities in the forefront of the list of educational aims.

9.     Many research credit him with the influence of project  based learning which places students in the active role of researchers.

NASEEMA

NATURAL SCIENCE